Provincial case definitions for diseases of public health significance disease. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis pdf. A variety of associated lesions may require the neurosurgeons assistance in the management of bacterial meningitis. Clinical features alone cannot determine whether meningitis. In some cases the cause of meningitis cannot be determined. You get it when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain.
Meningitis is most commonly caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, although it can also be caused by bleeding into the meninges, cancer, diseases of the immune system, and an inflammatory response to. Aseptic meningitis is a syndrome of multiple etiologies, but many cases are caused by a viral agent. Acute bacterial meningitis ubc critical care medicine, vancouver. A procedure for the management of meningitissepticaemia in the university 1. It can recur after it has seemed to disappear called recurrent meningitis.
Meningitis definition meningitis is a serious inflammation of the meninges, the thin, membranous covering of the brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis diagnostics use cases world health organization. Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, the membrane covering the brain. As treatment of this infection of the central nervous system proceeds, the surgeon will have to decide about the concurrent or subsequent operative treatment of congenital dysraphic states, paraneural infections, compound fractures or penetrating wounds of thecranium. Viral meningitis aseptic or nonbacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis synonyms, bacterial meningitis pronunciation, bacterial meningitis translation, english dictionary definition of bacterial meningitis. We, therefore, prefer the term healthcareassociated ventriculitis and meningitis to be more representative of the diverse mechanisms that include placement of devices that can lead to these serious illnesses. Smoking, secondhand smoke and crowded living conditions also increase the risk for some kinds of.
Bacterial meningitis definition of bacterial meningitis by. An intraabdominal specimen is used as an element to meet iab definition and is growing. In the absence of clear information about recurrence risk, or even knowledge of such information, the default definition of epilepsy originates at the second unprovoked seizure. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. To date, the brighton collaboration has developed multiple. However, in the early stages of meningitis, and particularly in young. Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as. Their function is to protect the central nervous system. Most cases of meningitis result from infections that are contagious. Meningitis is due to infection with either viruses or bacteria. Both parasites and fungi can cause meningitis, but these type of infections are not common. Meningitis article about meningitis by the free dictionary.
Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and the spinal cord, most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection and characterized by fever, vomiting, intense headache, and stiff neck. Sometimes it develops over a period of several days to a few weeks called subacute meningitis. Meningitis infection of the meninges in the spinal cord. Introduction to meningitis brain, spinal cord, and nerve. The 1990 case definition appearing on this page was republished in the 1997 mmwr recommendations and reports titled case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. However, the largest epidemics occur mainly in the semiarid areas of subsaharan africa, designated the african. Epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of. Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, including the pia, arachnoid, and subarachnoid space, that occurs in response to infection with bacteria andor bacterial products. Bacterial meningitis 1 definition meningitis inflammation of the meninges due to bacterial infection membranes around the brain and cns not parenchymal not to be confused with encephalitis parenchymal involvement usually viral in severe bacterial meningitis there can be parenchymal pathology and evidence of. Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. Most children with viral meningitis recover completely. Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges.
Some children with meningitis may have longterm problems, but this depends on the cause of the infection and the age of the child. Meningitis can be caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. These tests can be useful for screening isolates to categorize them as susceptible, intermediate, resistant, or non. Surveillance case definitions are not intended to be used by healthcare providers for making a clinical diagnosis or determining how to. Bacterial meningitis manifests most commonly with fever, headache, and a stiff neck.
An encephalitis or meningitis case occurring during a period when arboviral transmission is likely, and with the following supportive serology. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. A blood specimen with a collection date in the iab secondary bsi attribution period is reported to be growing enterobacter cloacae. The majority of member states report data from comprehensive, passive surveillance systems with national coverage. This is normally caused by infection but can also have non. Meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. The bacteria are found in the mouth, throat, or nose. Bacterial meningitis is very serious because its onset is rapid and the infection is associated with a significant risk of death. The treatment depends on the cause of the meningitis. The most common symptoms of meningitis include a stiff neck, high fever.
It is usually less severe than bacterial meningitis. A head injury or head surgery may also spread the infection. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. Most people with viral or noninfectious meningitis recover within a few weeks.
Belgium reports data from a sentinel surveillance system. Meningitis definition of meningitis by the free dictionary. This is normally caused by infection but can also have noninfectious causes. Introduction osha may propose a new occupational safety and health rule on occupational exposure to infectious diseases that would cover exposures not already addressed by the bloodborne pathogens standard 29 cfr 1910. The revised definition places no burden on the treating physician to specify recurrence risk in a particular circumstance. Inflammation of the meninges, the three membranes that envelop the brain and the spinal cord. Individuals with weakened immune systems may be at increased risk of these diseases. Subacute meningitis and chronic meningitis usually progress slowly and gradually, but doctors may have difficulty determining what the cause is and thus what the treatment should be.
Over the past several decades, the incidence of bacterial meningitis in children has decreased but there remains a significant burden of disease in adults, with a mortality of up to 30%. Meningitis meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. It can also spread from an ear, nose, throat, sinus, or brain infection. Bacterial infections of the cerebrospinal fluid csf usually have a positive csf gram stain, positive csf bacterial culture, and increased.
This method requires a graphics editor that can handle transparent images, in order to avoid white squares around the organs when pasting onto the body image. If it lasts 4 weeks or longer, it is considered chronic. Although the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis is not completely understood, knowledge of bacterial invasion and entry into the cns is improving. Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, vomiting, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. Most often, this infection is caused by microorganisms, like viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. Chandramuki department of neuromicrobiology, national institute of mental heal th and neurosciences nimhans, bengaluru karnataka, india 1. Case definition and incidence thresholds for response. The classic symptoms of meningitis are fever, headache, photophobia and neck stiffness. Human body diagrams how to derive an image derive directly from raster image with organs. Secondary meningitis is that which develops following direct entry of bacteria into the central nervous system, which can occur at the time of neurosurgery, in association with trauma, or through an abnormal communication between the external environment and the.
Meningitis simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Introduction meningitis is an infection of the membranes meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis definition is inflammation of the meninges and especially of the pia mater and arachnoid. Meningitis occurs in people of all ages, but it is more common in children and people over 65. Causes of meningitis meningitis is due to infection with either viruses or bacteria. Derive from scratch by this method, body diagrams can be derived by pasting organs into one of the plain body images shown below. Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges covering the brain. They are spread from an infected person to another by coughing, kissing, or sharing food or drinks. It can be treated with appropriate antibiotics that also prevents spread. Meningitis nows fact sheets provide information about meningitis and septicaemia, including types, available vaccines, possible aftereffects and coping with them, how an acquired brain injury abi can affect someone and additional useful information. Csf outflow resistance is elevated and inhibits csf flow from the subarachnoid space to the dural sinuses.
It can be caused by viruses, parasites, fungi, and bacteria. Your risk for bacterial meningitis is increased if you are. Bamberger, md, university of missourikansas city school of medicine, kansas city, missouri a cute meningitis is a medical emer. Meningitis is an inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cordalso called the meninges. Surveillance case definitions are not intended to be used by healthcare providers for making a clinical diagnosis or determining how to meet an individual patients health needs. To standardize the case definition, a recent international working group defined aseptic meningitis as patients with meningitis symptoms, a csf white cell count of 5 cellsmm3, and a negative csf gram stain. Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis, and. Meningitis can result from many causes, both infectious and noninfectious. Clinical symptoms include headache, stiff neck, high fever, nauseavomiting and rash.
Beyond the newborn period, the most common causes of bacterial meningitis are neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. Meninx definition is any of the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. Additionally, ventilator assistance, kidney dialysis or other supportive treatments may be needed. The clinical signs include bulging fontanelle, fever, drowsiness. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Evaluating the brighton collaboration case definitions. Meningitis arising by this route is called primary bacterial meningitis. The most common cause of meningitis are viruses, followed by bacteria. A surveillance case definition is a set of uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. A suspected case of meningitis was defined as the sudden onset of fever 100. Arboviral encephalitis or meningitis summary nndss. Meningococcal meningitis, commonly designated as cerebrospinal meningitis, is the only form of bacterial meningitis which causes epidemics. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness.
A procedure for the management of meningitissepticaemia. Meningitis often appears suddenly called acute meningitis. Other causes include cancer metastasis to the meninges, inflammatory diseases, and drugs. In general, meningitis due to bacteria bacterial meningitis is more severe than meningitis caused by viruses viral meningitis. Large outbreak of neisseria meningitidis serogroup c. Viral meningitis aseptic or nonbacterial meningitis what is viral meningitis. Viral meningitis usually gets better within a couple of weeks, with plenty of rest and painkillers for the headache. Surveillance case definitions enable public health officials to classify and count cases consistently across reporting jurisdictions.
Meningitis definition of meningitis by merriamwebster. Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and the spinal cord, most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection and characterized by fever, vomiting. Introduction meningitis septicaemia is a rare but potentially fatal infection occurring mostly in young children. Cdcnhsn surveillance definitions for specific types of. Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the meninges. All definitions are approved by humans before publishing. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis. Symptoms of meningitis include high fever, stiff neck, headache, sensitivity to light. Medical management of viral meningitis consists of supportive treatment and there is. Additionally, people with weak immune systems are more at risk for meningitis. The cerebrospinal fluid csf typically exhibits an elevated. Meningitis is a disease in which the meninges tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord become inflamed meningitis is most commonly caused by infection with a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.
Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Arboviral encephalitis or meningitis 2001 case definition. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis david m. Meningitis fact sheets download section meningitis now. Bacterial meningitis texas law senate bill sb 31 requires every public school district to provide parents with information about meningitis. The diagnostic certainty of this syndrome was further stratified into three levels. May 30, 2018 meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Meningitis is a serious inflammation of the meninges, the thin, membranous covering of the brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis is most commonly caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, although it can also be caused by bleeding into the meninges, cancer, diseases of the immune system, and an inflammatory response to certain types of chemotherapy or other chemical agents. Meningitis definition, inflammation of the meninges, especially of the pia mater and arachnoid, caused by a bacterial or viral infection and characterized by high fever, severe headache, and stiff neck or back muscles.
Most people with viral meningitis recover fully within a week. Meningitis definition of meningitis by medical dictionary. The symptoms may include high temperature, poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and irritability. Work exposure to methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa, spinal meningitis, or tuberculosis tb notice to employees employees are notified that a claim may be made for a condition, infection, disease or disability involving or related to mrsa, spinal meningitis, or tb within the provisions of the arizona workers compensation law. Much rarer causes include fungi or malignant cancer cells. Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is caused by an infection with one of several types of viruses. Signs and symptoms of meningeal inflammation have been recorded in countless.
Over the past few years its incidence in teenagers, and in particular university students, appears to be. Meningitis lab manual antimicrobial susceptibility. The brighton collaboration bc is an international voluntary collaboration to facilitate the development, evaluation, and dissemination of high quality information about the safety of human vaccines. Can people with meningitis pass the illness to others. Acute bacterial meningitis is particularly serious and worsens rapidly. Bacterial meningitis is a lifethreatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Viral meningitis is a common disease caused by a virus that infects the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord.