Electrostatically achieving record low work functions for. Thermionic energy conversion for concentrating solar power. August 2015 thermal energy conversions page 2 technical reference figure 1 overview of process for thermal conversions and annual metrics 1 user enters energy consumption into portfolio manager enter one meter for every type of energy you use electricity, district steam, fuel oil, etc. In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work e. In 1956,murphy and good1956published a rigorous study of thermionic and. The sun shines on the oceans of the world and in the hot parts near the water at the seas surface can be quite warm, sometimes as high as 30c. This textbook gives a thorough treatment of engineering thermodynamics with applications to classical and modern energy conversion devices. This occurs because the thermal energy given to the carrier overcomes the work function of the material. Thermionic and thermoelectric power generators mona zebarjadi arpae workshop. This chapter focuses on the thermionic energy conversion with description of idealized model of a thermionic converter a. The conversion efficiency and high temperature of heat rejection minimize the size and weight of the radiator.
Unlike the conventional indirect methods for generating electricity from heat sources, no intermediate form of energy is required, and no working fluidexcept the flow of the electrical charges themselvesare involved in the process. Solving all your pdf problems in one place and yes, free. Offshore thermal energy conversion vacuum structure kailuakona, hawaii the pacific international center for high technology research was awarded a contract to build an offshore thermal energy conversion demonstration plant for generating electricity using the water temperature difference stored in tropical oceans. Abstract the unique electronic and structural properties of 2d materials have triggered wide research interest in catalysis. Purchased electricity is fed into our tvs and is converted to light and sound. The charge carriers can be electrons or ions, and in older literature are sometimes referred to as thermions. Electrostatically achieving record low work functions for efficient thermionic energy conversion. When the flashlight is turned on, the chemical energy is first transformed into. Bibliography energy conversions in a hot air balloon chemical energy from the propane tanks creates thermal energy and heats up the balloon which then creates kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy because the balloon is in motion and going up from the hot air. Thermionic energy conversion is the process of converting heat directly to useful electrical work by the phenomenon of thermionic electron emission. Energy conversion and management has an open access mirror journal energy conversion and management. Electrical energy systems power applications of electricity.
Aug 17, 2017 there are a real life applications of conversions of chemical energy to electrical energy. Thermionic energy conversion plasmas plasma science, ieee. Thermoelectric and thermionic generators slideshare. Chapter 7 energy conversion systems options and issues 7. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage yang shaohorn electrochemical energy laboratory department of mechanical engineering. Batteries are structured by having the positive terminal being made up of an element requires very little electrons for a full she. Thermal to mechanical energy conversion engines and. Thermionic power converter, any of a class of devices that convert heat directly into electricity using thermionic emission rather than first changing it to some other form of energy. At least 90 per cent of the development effort is now going into the cesium diode as a thermionic energy converter. Thermoelectric power generator is a device that converts the heat energy into electrical energy based on the principles of seebeck effect.
Rohsenow heat and mass transfer laboratory, mit direct energy conversion gang chen mechanical engineering department massachusetts institute of technology. Fluid and thermal energy conversion how is fluid and thermal energy conversion abbreviated. The circulation of air in the atmosphere is caused by the nonuniform heating of the earths surface by the sun. All transformations that can perceive the man of nature are the product of some kind of energy, the latter is the source of all movement. The thermionic conversion can be utilized in several different situationsremote locations on the earth and in space. Free, online service which translates office documents word, excel, powerpoint, pdf, openoffice, text into multiple languages, preserving the original layout. A universal electromagnetic energy conversion adapter. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Nov 30, 20 thermoelectric and thermionic generators 1. Innovating clean energy technologies in advanced manufacturing.
It is also designed to transfer the generated heat to a working fluid and converting it to mechanical or electrical energy. Scientists look to thermionic energy conversion for clean. With increased interest in maximizing the efficiency of present energy conversion systems, it is an important reference for scientific and engineering libraries as well. Confinement catalysis with 2d materials for energy conversion.
From a physical electronic viewpoint, thermionic energy conversion is the direct production of electric power from heat by thermionic electron emission. Turn your pdf presentations to editable powerpoint ppt and pptx slideshows. It is used to generate heat, and is based on hydrogen catalysis. Thermoelectric power generator is a device that converts the heat energy into electrical energy based on the principles of seebeck effect the pioneer in thermoelectric was a german scientist thomas johann seebeck 17701831 later, in 1834, french scientist, peltier and in 1851, thomson. Many oceans are very deep and the water at depths of 1,000 meters can be around 5 c. January 22, 2015 abstract in this paper, we propose a model to investigate the electron thermionic emission from a single.
For context within the 2015 qtr, key connections between this technology assessment, other qtr. Smallpdf the platform that makes it super easy to convert and edit all your pdf files. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a way of getting useful energy from the worlds oceans. If you access through a subscribing library, you can download the ebook for free through. Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one type of energy to another. As energy adaptation, except that instead of radiating away energy as light, you store up the energy and can later discharge it as a ray. Concentrating solar power csp is a mainstream of solar energy utilization, and thermionic emission is a potential way to convert concentrated solar radiation into power with a theoretical. T1 enhanced thermionic energy conversion and thermionic emission from doped diamond films through methane exposure. The technological challenge hinges upon the mechanicaltoelectric energy conversion mechanism. Mar 01, 2016 scientists look to thermionic energy conversion for clean and efficient power generation. A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically emits electrons over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode, producing a useful electric power output. Study 27 terms chapter 9 energy conversions flashcards. Mechanicaltoelectric energy conversion by mechanically.
New spin seebeck thermoelectric device with higher. We classify this information by energy conversion, transport, and storage technologies available now, and those likely to be available in the future. Electron thermionic emission from graphene and thermionic. As part of a distributed energy system this type of energy generation promises sustainable electric power without the need for expensive infrastructure. Offshore thermal energy conversion vacuum structure. Ocean thermal energy conversion simple english wikipedia. Some emphasis lies on the description of irreversible processes, such as friction, heat transfer and mixing, and the evaluation of the related work losses. Nextgeneration thermionic solar energy conversion fact sheet, sunshot, solar energy technologies program setp, u. Chemistry, physics, materials science and thermoelectrics muri kanatzidis msu, chemistry solid state chemistry synthesis, discovery kanatzidis msu, chemistry solid state chemistry synthesis, discovery ctirad uher univ of michigan physics measurements ctirad uher univ of michigan physics measurements tim hogan msu, e. Thermionic energy conversion how is thermionic energy. New highly efficient thermoelectronic generator by american institute of physics this is a view into the test generator, looking at the emitter 3 cm diameter.
Enhanced thermionic energy conversion and thermionic. Favorsky encyclopedia of life support systems eolss mechanism converting the kinetic energy of the moving working fluid into the work. Scientists look to thermionic energy conversion for clean and efficient power generation 1 march 2016, by julie chao handbuilt research converters and thermionic. Many translated example sentences containing energy conversion germanenglish dictionary and search engine for german translations. Control and nonlinear dynamics on energy conversion systems. Caesium vapor is used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply by surface ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma to neutralize the electron space charge. The community of scientists and inventors working on the excess heat e. Scientists look to thermionic energy conversion for clean and. These convert radiation into electricity, electricity into gas or vice versa. Chapter 7 energy conversion systems options and issues tg c ct cwp a1 3 4 1 b2 2 ip b1 sr ph e csv p pw cp ff iw m figure 7. Efficient energy conversion for electrical power generation is a key component of curbing the worlds ever increasing energy demands and waste heat is one of the. Free online document translator preserves your documents. I thermal to mechanical energy conversion engines and requirements oleg n.
This motivates a brief discussion of the basics of thermal to electric energy conversion. Enhanced thermionic energy conversion and thermionic emission from doped diamond films through methane exposure franz a m koeck, robert nemanich, yasodhaadevi balasubramaniam, ken haenen, jeff sharp. Introduction thermoelectricity refers to a class of phenomena in which a temperature difference creates an electric potential or an electric potential creates a temperature difference. A developers roadmap to otec commercialization pdf. Energy stored in chemical bonds combustion useful power bypass the conversion toheat and mechanical toelectrical processes a fuel cell is an electrochemical device in which the chemical energy of a conventional fuel is converted directly and efficiently into low voltage, direct current electrical energy. Concentrating solar thermal power, a method of using heat collected by a solar concentrator to drive a heat engine to generate elec. Work with the most accurate pdf to powerpoint converter. Production, technical report, national renewable energy. Energy consumption is driving both an intellectual and financial investment into the exploration of alternative energy sources and more efficient use of that energy.
My lectures on thermodynamics and energy conversion are now a book 600 pages, good for 2 or 3 courses. Find out information about electrothermal energy conversion. Wilson 2, rainee n simons 2, yunpeng chen 1, and john q. Thermionic energy conversion plasmas plasma science. A universal electromagnetic energy conversion adapter based on a metamaterial absorber authors.
Favorsky encyclopedia of life support systems eolss determined the value of the mechanical equivalent of heat. When the flashlight is turned on, the chemical energy is first transformed into electrical energy and then into light energy. The best quality pdf to word conversion on the market free and easy to use. The basic plasma types associated with various modes of con. There are a real life applications of conversions of chemical energy to electrical energy. Thermionic energy conversion is well suited for space applications. Sustainable energy science and engineering center energy conversion concerned with the transformation of energy from sources such as fossil fuel and radiation from sun into conveniently used forms such as electrical energy, propulsive energy, heating and cooling. Electron thermionic emission from graphene and thermionic energy converter shijun liang1 and l. The direct conversion of electric energy into heat energy, as in an electric heater explanation of electrothermal energy conversion. A novel thermomechanical energy conversion cycle ian m. Kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electromagnetic etc.
Thermionic and photoexcited electron emission for energy. Dec 03, 20 new highly efficient thermoelectronic generator by american institute of physics this is a view into the test generator, looking at the emitter 3 cm diameter. Black light power incorporate, usa an energy conversion system is the subject of this patent. Thermionic conversions is a method for converting heat directly into electrical energy. Energy is a concept used in the natural sciences in general, is a property that allows any physical object to do some work. A series of ec systems are given for a variety of egs fluid conditions. Thermionic energy conversion how is thermionic energy conversion abbreviated. Thermionic energy conversion is intended for scientists and engineers working in the field of energy conversion. You can choose to fire any number of rays during the powers duration. The new technology, known as the spin seebeck effect, has conversion efficiency 10 times higher than the conventional method.
Thermal to mechanical energy conversion engines and requirements. Impact microscaleenhanced, photonenhanced thermionic emitters enable highefficiency solartoelectrical conversion by taking advantage of hightemperature, solidstate energy production. One of these is raised to a sufficiently high temperature to. Thermionic conversion is a method for converting heat directly into electrical energy. Thermionic emission is the liberation of electrons from an electrode by virtue of its temperature releasing of energy supplied by heat. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, it is the use of electron vapor as the working fluid in a powerproducing cycle. For that reason, the author developed the general theory of the plasma diode energy converter. Gasoline chemical is put into our cars, and with the help of electrical energy from a battery, provides mechanical kinetic energy. At what point does a roller coaster have the greatest potential energy.
Despite having a huge potential as an efficient direct energy conversion device, the progress in vacuumbased thermionic energy. Start studying thermal energy conversion types examples. Direct thermal energy conversion materials, devices, and systems is one of fourteen manufacturingfocused technology assessments prepared in support of chapter 6. Thermodynamics fundamentals for energy conversion systems. The ray you fire must be of one of the energy types you have stored if you have stored more than one type, you can choose what kind of. With the potential to double the electricity output. The air immediately above a warm area expands, it is forced upward by cool, denser air which flows in from surrounding areas causing wind. Thermionic energy conversion, volume 1 the mit press. Consequently, thermionic systems with high powertoweight ratios are possible. This chapter focuses on the thermionic energy conversion with description of idealized model of a thermionic converter and work function of various surfaces. Advanced energy conversion thermionic power conversion.
A thermionic generator, in principle, can make use of any fuel may be fossil fuel, a nuclear fuel or solar energy subject to the condition that sufficiently high temperatures are obtainable. A thermionic converter is a device which converts heat energy into electrical energy by utilizing the thermionic emission of electrons. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler. The energy of the world is a constant because the total amount of the energy does not change.